Nouns 

• You will learn about irregular nouns and how they change in gender and number. 

• You will be able to form new nouns from other words. 

Adjectives 

• You will learn about adjectives that give approximate meanings. 

• You will learn how to add suffixes to show appreciation. 

• You will be able to turn adjectives into absolute nouns. 

• You will learn how to use “lo” with adjectives to refer to abstract ideas. 

• You will use and understand common expressions like “el citado” and “tal.” 

Adjective Phrases 

• You will learn how to include objects (both nouns and phrases) with prepositions in adjective phrases. 

Articles 

• You will learn about the substantive value of “lo.” 

• You will understand when to use definite or indefinite articles. 

Pronouns 

• You will learn more about direct and indirect object pronouns, including combinations like “se lo.” 

• You will learn more complex relative constructions (“quienes,” “aquellos que,” “todo aquel que”). 

• You will learn how to use “se” for unintentional actions or impersonal sentences. 

Possessive Pronouns 

• You will learn the difference between stressed and unstressed forms. 

• You will learn how to combine possessives with other words. 

Demonstratives 

• You will learn how demonstratives link ideas in a text. 

• You will learn the neutral “esto” for forward references. 

Quantifiers 

• You will learn words for parts of a whole (half, third, twelfth). 

• You will learn words for multiples (double, triple). 

• You will learn universal words (each, any, whoever). 

Prepositions 

• You will learn how verbs combine with prepositions. 

• You will learn how nouns and phrases follow prepositions. 

Adverbs and Adverbial Expressions 

• You will learn words and phrases for probability. 

• You will use connectors which situate events in time. 

• You will learn relative adverbs. 

• You will learn and understand time expressions like “justo en ese momento” or “entonces.” 

• You will learn place adverbs and prepositional phrases like “encima de / encima” or “fuera de / fuera.” 

Verbs and Actions 

Verbs 

• You will learn the present, imperfect, and pluperfect subjunctive, and when to use each. 

• You will learn how to use subjunctive in reported speech. 

• You will learn the future perfect and how to use the future to make hypotheses. 

• You will review simple and compound conditional forms. 

• You will learn passive constructions and reflective passive. 

• You will review verbal periphrases, including aspectual and modal combinations. 

• You will learn non-personal forms: compound infinitive, gerund (temporal and predictive), participle (predicative and passive). 

Simple Clauses 

• You will learn to express doubt or uncertainty using phrases like “quizás” or “probablemente.” 

• You will learn to form passive and impersonal clauses. 

Coordinated Clauses 

• You will be able to use links like “sino” and “no obstante.” 

• You will learn consecutive phrases like “de manera que.” 

• You will learn explanatory phrases like “es decir,” “esto es,” or “o sea.” 

Subordinate Clauses 

• You will learn how infinitives work as objects or prepositional objects. 

• You will learn to express feelings with infinitives. 

• You will be able to express feelings using the subjunctive. 

• You will learn to express opinions and evaluations using indicative or subjunctive. 

• You will learn to express verification and judgments using indicative or subjunctive. 

Relative Clauses 

• You will learn relative clauses with indicative or subjunctive. 

• You will learn relative clauses with indefinite pronouns. 

• You will learn other relative forms and subjunctive clauses without antecedents. 

 Adverbial Clauses 

• You will learn to talk about time using “cuando,” “antes / después de que,” “mientras que,” “hasta que,” “una vez que,” “al / nada más + infinitive.” 

• You will learn to describe location with prepositions like “de,” “desde,” “hasta.” 

• You will learn clauses expressing mood using “como” and “según.” 

• You will learn to express reasons using “como,” “por,” “porque,” “debido a que.” 

• You will learn result clauses with “tan… que,” “aunque,” “a pesar de,” and phrases like “tanto si… como si…” 

• You will learn to express contrast with “aunque” or “a pesar de,” and other linking phrases. 

• You will learn comparisons with “tan… como,” “lo mismo que,” “igual que,” and differences like “más que / más de.” 

• You will learn purpose clauses with “para que,” “a que,” “a fin de que,” “a + infinitive,” and similar phrases. 

• You will learn time correlation, pluperfect subjunctive with compound conditional, and conditional links like “siempre que,” “a condición de que.” 

Giving and Asking for Information 

• You will be able to talk about unfinished or unreal conditions in the past. 

• You will learn to sequence future actions and talk about consequences of past events. 

Expressing Opinions, Attitudes, and Knowledge 

• You will be able to express hypotheses, probability, and involuntary actions. 

Expressing Tastes, Desires, and Feelings 

• You will learn to express wishes, plans, purposes, intentions, and expectations. 

• You will learn to express feelings in the present and past: interest, boredom, anger, fear, hope…